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NEW QUESTION 246
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan. One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease. Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
The sixteenth century was an age of great ___exploration.
- A. cosmic
- B. mental
- C. land
- D. common man
- E. none of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 247
r, t, m, and w are positive numbers.
- A. The two quantities are equal.
- B. Quantity A is greater.
- C. The relationship cannot he determined from the information given.
- D. Quantity B is greater.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 248
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian empire in 490 B C is one of the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian empire, was furious because Athens had interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens.
He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire. Persia was ruled by one man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city- states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Etria and captured its people. Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops. The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in archery and hand combat.
Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror.
Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6400 Persians died, compared with only 192 Athenians.
Athens had ____the other Greek city-states against the Persians.
- A. wanted to fight
- B. defeated
- C. intervened on behalf of
- D. given orders for all to fight
- E. refused help to
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
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NEW QUESTION 249 
- A. The two quantities are equal.
- B. Quantity A is greater.
- C. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- D. Quantity B is greater.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 250
SCULPTURE : SHAVING ::
- A. experiment : hypothesis
- B. analysis : insight
- C. burglary : arrest
- D. therapy : comfort
- E. education : opportunity
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This is a "result of" (process and product) analogy. When engaging in the art of SCULPTURE, especially wood sculpture, the artist produces a SHAVING, which is a byproduct of the sculpting process. When a person commits a burglary, the burglar's arrest is a possible result, or byproduct. Another key to this analogy is that in neither case is the result the actor's main objective or intention.
NEW QUESTION 251
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom. Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women.
Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics. Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in
1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. espondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress. Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt___.
- A. hopeless
- B. depressed
- C. worried
- D. none of the above
- E. annoyed
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 252
Considering today's high divorce rate and growing number of single-parent households, it is _______ that the most Americans still adhere to the _______ belief in the importance of an intact nuclear family.
- A. surprising . . superficial
- B. encouraging . . obsolete
- C. interesting . . popular
- D. astonishing . . traditional
- E. illuminating . . controversial
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Since an "intact nuclear family" contrasts with "today's" marital trends, it is clear that the sentence refers to the nuclear family as something out of the past. Thus, for the second blank, a word like traditional (choice (E)) or possibly obsolete (choice (B)) is needed. Choice E is better because the word astonishing sets up the appropriate contrast, whereas the idea that the belief is encouraging suggests a value judgment unsupported by the rest of the sentence.
NEW QUESTION 253
The public has not reacted favorably to the majority of the policies adopted by the present government. If.
however, the electoral landslide by which the government achieved power five years ago was. as is often claimed, a mandate for more conservative policies, then the public response to most of the government's policies would have been favorable.
If the statements in the passage are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
- A. The electoral landslide by which the present government achieved power was not a mandate for more conservative policies.
- B. None of the policies adopted by the present government to which the public has responded favorably are conservative policies.
- C. The public would have reacted more favorably to the policies adopted by the present government if those policies had been more conservative.
- D. The present government will be voted out of office at the next election.
- E. Most of the people who voted for the present government would have voted for an opposition party if they had not been misled about the policies that would be adopted.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 254
Personality is rooted as deeply in the need for _______, or at least personal interaction, as _______ well- being is rooted in chemical needs.
- A. self-respect . . bodily
- B. hope . . biological
- C. love . . physical
- D. affection . . social
- E. companionship . . natural
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The first missing word should convey an idea that fits the concept of "personal interaction"; the second missing word should describes the kind of "well-being" that would have a "chemical" basis. Only the word pair love and physical fits both requirements.
NEW QUESTION 255
In the brushland of Klanos Island, seeds of the plant Emmenan the penduliflora normally stay dormant for years and germinate only after a brushfire. The resulting plants quickly mature, produce seed, and then die. It is the nitrogen dioxide in (he smoke that induces the seeds lo germinate. Because automobiles are being introduced on Klanos. and their exhaust contains nitrogen dioxide, the plants will probably be seen throughout Klanos every year.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
- A. All efforts to reduce the frequency and intensity of brushfires on Klanos have failed.
- B. Fires in the habitat off. penduliflora entirely destroy the plant's seeds in the places where the fires bum most intensely.
- C. Fires clear much of the brush in the habitat off. penduliflora. allowing germinating seeds to receive enough sunlight to grow.
- D. The seeds of some of the other plants that are found on Klanos do not germinate unless the seed coat that protects the kernel of the seed is cracked by intense heat.
- E. A small amount of nitrogen dioxide, such as is contained in the exhaust of two or three automobiles, is sufficient to induce the germination of nearby seeds off. penduliflora.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 256
ABRUPT:
- A. gradual
- B. eventual
- C. lengthy
- D. continual
- E. enduring
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
ABRUPT means "unexpectedly sudden." The closest antonym among the five choices is gradual.
NEW QUESTION 257 
- A. The two quantities are equal.
- B. Quantity A is greater.
- C. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- D. Quantity B is greater.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 258 
- A. The two quantities are equal.
- B. Quantity A is greater.
- C. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- D. Quantity B is greater.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 259
Exhibit.
- A. The two quantities are equal.
- B. Quantity A is greater.
- C. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- D. Quantity B is greater.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 260
FLU : MALADY
- A. flea : parasite
- B. felony : misdemeanor
- C. finale : overture
- D. fun : farce
- E. fire : hearth
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 261
Other company insiders have recently offered testimony that_________several of the more lurid anecdotes found in Belmer's account, though that testimony hardly minimizes the company's culture of malfeasance and mismanagement.
- A. foreshadows
- B. tempers
- C. exploits
- D. outdoes
- E. corroborates
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 262
There are far too many (i)________in the report, such as incorrect data (albeit on (ii)________points).
inconsistency between the text and related tables, and discrepancies between the citations and the references.
- A. little errors
- B. perplexing
- C. numerous
- D. stylistic infelicities
- E. minor
- F. unsupported generalizations
Answer: A,E
NEW QUESTION 263
The origin of the attempt to distinguish early from modern music and to establish the canons of performance practice for each lies in the eighteenth century. In the first half of that century, when Telemann and Bach ran the collegium musicum in Leipzig, Germany, they performed their own and other modern music. In the German universities of the early twentieth century, however, the reconstituted collegium musicum devoted itself to performing music from the centuries before the beginning of the
"standard repertory," by which was understood music from before the time of Bach and Handel. Alongside this modern collegium musicum, German musicologists developed the historical sub-discipline known as
"performance practice," which included the deciphering of obsolete musical notation and its transcription into modern notation, the study of obsolete instruments, and the re-establishment of lost oral traditions associated with those forgotten repertories. The cutoff date for this study was understood to be around
1750, the year of Bach's death, since the music of Bach, Handel, Telemann and their contemporaries did call for obsolete instruments and voices and unannotated performing traditions - for instance, the spontaneous realization of vocal and instrumental melodic ornamentation. Furthermore, with a few exceptions, late baroque music had ceased to be performed for nearly a century, and the orally transmitted performing traditions associated with it were forgotten as a result. In contrast, the notation in the music of Haydn and Mozart from the second half of the eighteenth century was more complete than in the earlier styles, and the instruments seemed familiar, so no "special" knowledge appeared necessary. Also, the music of Haydn and Mozart, having never ceased to be performed, had maintained some kind of oral tradition of performance practice. Beginning around 1960, however, early-music performers began to encroach upon the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Why? Scholars studying performance practice had discovered that the living oral traditions associated with the Viennese classics frequently could not be traced to the eighteenth century and that there were nearly as many performance mysteries to solve for music after 1750 as for earlier repertories. Furthermore, more and more young singers and instrumentalists became attracted to early music, and as many of them graduated from student- amateur to professional status, the technical level of early-music performances took a giant leap forward. As professional early-music groups, building on these developments, expanded their repertories to include later music, the mainstream protested vehemently. The differences between the two camps extended beyond the question of which instruments to use to the more critical matter of style and delivery. At the heart of their disagreement is whether historical knowledge about performing traditions is a prerequisite for proper interpretation of music or whether it merely creates an obstacle to inspired musical tradition.
The passage mentions all of the following as aspects of performance practice of the early twentieth century EXCEPT for
- A. reestablishing unannotated performing traditions
- B. spontaneous vocal and instrumental ornamentation
- C. transcribing older music into modern notation
- D. deciphering outdated music notation
- E. varying the delivery of music to suit particular audiences
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Although performance practice did indeed involve varying the performance of a work of music from one time to the next (by including spontaneous vocal and instrumental ornamentation), the passage neither states nor implies that how the delivery of music varied from time to time depended upon the particular tastes of the audience. Thus, choice D is unsupported by the passage.
NEW QUESTION 264
There is a long-standing historical presumption that social custom during the early years of the United States forbade women from public speaking. In fact, though, the standard mode of education of the 1790s and early
1800s. which emphasized oral recitation and performance, taught girls that educated and well-spoken women had an important role to play in American society. By depicting skilled speech as a necessary talent for women in a civilized society, elocutionary education encouraged a certain degree of female ambition and even political involvement. Transmitted via standard, inexpensive schoolbooks. this message reached virtually all who read schoolbooks or attended schools. This environment did not last long, however: even by the 1S10s.
attitudes about women's education had changed considerably.
The author would probably agree with which of the following statements about the "historical presumption"?
- A. It had largely died out by the 1810s.
- B. It had an important influence on the content of textbooks used during the 1790s and the 1800s.
- C. It failed to account for the fact that certain abilities in young women were deemed desirable in the 1790s and 1800s.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 265
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