CIPP-E by IAPP Actual Free Exam Questions And Answers [UPDATED 2025]
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The CIPP-E exam is developed and administered by the International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP), which is the largest and most respected global privacy organization. CIPP-E exam is based on the IAPP's Body of Knowledge, which is a comprehensive framework that covers the various domains of privacy and data protection. The CIPP-E certification is recognized by organizations worldwide as a mark of excellence in privacy and data protection, and it is a valuable credential for individuals who want to advance their careers in the field.
IAPP CIPP-E certification exam is a globally recognized certification for professionals who specialize in information privacy law and regulation in Europe. Certified Information Privacy Professional/Europe (CIPP/E) certification is offered by the International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP), which is the largest and most respected privacy association in the world. The CIPP-E certification is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of data protection laws and regulations in Europe, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
NEW QUESTION # 60
Which kind of privacy notice, originally advocated by the Article 29 Working Party, is commonly recommended tor Al-based technologies because of the way it provides processing information at specific points of data collection?
- A. Layered notice.
- B. Privacy dashboard notice
- C. Visualization notice.
- D. Just-in-lime notice.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 61
According to the European Data Protection Board, which of the following concepts or practices does NOT follow from the principles relating to the processing of personal data under EU data protection law?
- A. Access control management.
- B. Frequent pseudonymization key rotation.
- C. Error propagation avoidance along the processing chain.
- D. Data ownership allocation.
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the European Data Protection Board, the principles relating to the processing of personal data under EU data protection law are: lawfulness, fairness and transparency; purpose limitation; data minimization; accuracy; storage limitation; integrity and confidentiality; and accountability1. These principles imply certain concepts or practices that data controllers and processors should follow, such as access control management, frequent pseudonymization key rotation, and error propagation avoidance along the processing chain2. However, data ownership allocation is not a concept or practice that follows from these principles, as the GDPR does not recognize the notion of data ownership by either the data subject or the data controller3. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Reference:
Data protection basics
Guidelines 2/2019 on the processing of personal data under Article 6(1)(b) GDPR in the context of the provision of online services to data subjects CIPP/E Study Guide, page 11
NEW QUESTION # 62
What is true if an employee makes an access request to his employer for any personal data held about him?
- A. The employer can automatically decline the request if it contains personal data about a third person.
- B. The employer must supply all the information held about the employee.
- C. The employer can decline the request if the information is only held electronically.
- D. The employer must supply any information held about an employee unless an exemption applies.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 63
Under Article 58 of the GDPR, which of the following describes a power of supervisory authorities in European Union (EU) member states?
- A. The ability to enact new laws by executive order.
- B. The discretion to carry out goals of elected officials within the member state.
- C. The authority to select penalties when a controller is found guilty in a court of law.
- D. The right to access data for investigative purposes.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 64
Which of the following was the first to implement national law for data protection in 1973?
- A. United Kingdom
- B. Germany
- C. Sweden
- D. France
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference https://scandinavianlaw.se/pdf/47-18.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 65
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
ABC Hotel Chain and XYZ Travel Agency are U.S.-based multinational companies. They use an internet-based common platform for collecting and sharing their customer data with each other, in order to integrate their marketing efforts. Additionally, they agree on the data to be stored, how reservations will be booked and confirmed, and who has access to the stored data.
Mike, an EU resident, has booked travel itineraries in the past through XYZ Travel Agency to stay at ABC Hotel Chain's locations. XYZ Travel Agency offers a rewards program that allows customers to sign up to accumulate points that can later be redeemed for free travel. Mike has signed the agreement to be a rewards program member.
Now Mike wants to know what personal information the company holds about him. He sends an email requesting access to his data, in order to exercise what he believes are his data subject rights.
What is the time period in which Mike should receive a response to his request?
- A. Not more than one month of receipt of Mike's request.
- B. Not more than two months after verifying Mike's identity.
- C. When all the information about Mike has been collected.
- D. Not more than thirty days after submission of Mike's request.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 66
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Liem, an online retailer known for its environmentally friendly shoes, has recently expanded its presence in Europe. Anxious to achieve market dominance, Liem teamed up with another eco friendly company, EcoMick, which sells accessories like belts and bags. Together the companies drew up a series of marketing campaigns designed to highlight the environmental and economic benefits of their products. After months of planning, Liem and EcoMick entered into a data sharing agreement to use the same marketing database, MarketIQ, to send the campaigns to their respective contacts.
Liem and EcoMick also entered into a data processing agreement with MarketIQ, the terms of which included processing personal data only upon Liem and EcoMick's instructions, and making available to them all information necessary to demonstrate compliance with GDPR obligations.
Liem and EcoMick then procured the services of a company called JaphSoft, a marketing optimization firm that uses machine learning to help companies run successful campaigns. Clients provide JaphSoft with the personal data of individuals they would like to be targeted in each campaign. To ensure protection of its clients' data, JaphSoft implements the technical and organizational measures it deems appropriate. JaphSoft works to continually improve its machine learning models by analyzing the data it receives from its clients to determine the most successful components of a successful campaign. JaphSoft then uses such models in providing services to its client-base. Since the models improve only over a period of time as more information is collected, JaphSoft does not have a deletion process for the data it receives from clients. However, to ensure compliance with data privacy rules, JaphSoft pseudonymizes the personal data by removing identifying information from the contact information. JaphSoft's engineers, however, maintain all contact information in the same database as the identifying information.
Under its agreement with Liem and EcoMick, JaphSoft received access to MarketIQ, which included contact information as well as prior purchase history for such contacts, to create campaigns that would result in the most views of the two companies' websites. A prior Liem customer, Ms. Iman, received a marketing campaign from JaphSoft regarding Liem's as well as EcoMick's latest products. While Ms. Iman recalls checking a box to receive information in the future regarding Liem's products, she has never shopped EcoMick, nor provided her personal data to that company.
Under the GDPR, Liem and EcoMick's contract with MarketIQ must include all of the following provisions EXCEPT?
- A. Assistance to Liem and EcoMick in their compliance with data protection impact assessments.
- B. Returning or deleting personal data after the end of the provision of the services.
- C. Notification regarding third party requests for access to Liem and EcoMick's personal data.
- D. Processing the personal data upon documented instructions regarding data transfers outside of the EEA.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 67
According to the European Data Protection Board, if a controller that is not established in the EU but still subject to the GDPR becomes aware of a personal data breach, which supervisory authority or authorities must be notified?
- A. Only the supervisory authority of the EU member state in which the controller's EU representative (pursuant to Article 27) is established.
- B. Only one lead supervisory authority, as a controller benefits from the one-stop shop mechanism under the GDPR's enforcement regime.
- C. Every supervisory authority for which affected data subjects reside in their EU member state.
- D. Every supervisory authority of the EU member states where the controller is offering goods or services.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) introduces a duty for controllers to notify the competent supervisory authority of a personal data breach without undue delay and, where feasible, not later than 72 hours after having become aware of it, unless the personal data breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons. The GDPR also requires controllers to communicate the personal data breach to the affected data subjects without undue delay, when the personal data breach is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons.
The GDPR applies to the processing of personal data in the context of the activities of an establishment of a controller or a processor in the EU, regardless of whether the processing takes place in the EU or not. The GDPR also applies to the processing of personal data of data subjects who are in the EU by a controller or processor not established in the EU, where the processing activities are related to the offering of goods or services to data subjects in the EU or the monitoring of their behaviour as far as their behaviour takes place within the EU.
The GDPR provides that where a controller or a processor is not established in the EU, but is subject to the GDPR, the controller or the processor shall designate in writing a representative in the EU. The representative shall be established in one of the member states where the data subjects, whose personal data are processed in relation to the offering of goods or services to them, or whose behaviour is monitored, are. The representative shall act on behalf of the controller or the processor and may be addressed by any supervisory authority or data subject on any issues related to the processing of personal data under the GDPR.
The GDPR also establishes a one-stop shop mechanism, which aims to ensure the consistent and effective application of the GDPR across the EU. The one-stop shop mechanism allows a controller or a processor with establishments in several member states to have a single supervisory authority as its interlocutor, which is the supervisory authority of the main establishment or of the single establishment of the controller or processor. The one-stop shop mechanism also enables a controller or a processor that is not established in the EU, but is subject to the GDPR, to deal with a single lead supervisory authority, which is the supervisory authority of the member state where the representative of the controller or processor is established.
Based on the GDPR and the guidelines of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB), if a controller that is not established in the EU but still subject to the GDPR becomes aware of a personal data breach, the controller must notify the supervisory authority of the EU member state in which the controller's EU representative (pursuant to Article 27) is established. This is the only supervisory authority that the controller must notify, as the controller benefits from the one-stop shop mechanism and has a single lead supervisory authority. The controller does not need to notify every supervisory authority of the EU member states where the controller is offering goods or services or where the affected data subjects reside, as this would be contrary to the principle of consistency and the aim of simplification of the one-stop shop mechanism.
Reference:
GDPR, Articles 3, 4, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, and 68.
EDPB Guidelines 9/2022 on personal data breach notification under GDPR, pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16.
EDPB Guidelines 07/2020 on the concepts of controller and processor in the GDPR, pages 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28.
EDPB Guidelines 3/2018 on the territorial scope of the GDPR, pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.
NEW QUESTION # 68
In which of the following situations would an individual most likely to be able to withdraw her consent for processing?
- A. When she no longer wishes to be sent marketing materials from an organization.
- B. When she disagrees with a diagnosis her doctor has recorded on her records.
- C. When she is leaving her bank and moving to another bank.
- D. When she has recently changed jobs and no longer works for the same company.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 69
Bioface is a company based in the United States. It has no servers, personnel or assets in the European Union. By collecting photographs from social media and other web-based services, such as newspapers and blogs, it uses machine learning to develop a facial recognition algorithm. The algorithm identifies individuals in photographs who are not in its data set based the algorithm and its existing dat a. The service collects photographs of data subjects in the European Union and will identify them if presented with their photographs. Bioface offers its service to government agencies and companies in the United States and Canada, but not to those in the European Union. Bioface does not offer the service to individuals.
Why is Bioface subject to the territorial scope of the General Data Protection Regulation?
- A. It collects data from European Union websites, which constitutes an establishment in the European Union.
- B. It monitors the behavior of data subjects in the European Union.
- C. It collects data from subjects and uses it for automated processing.
- D. It offers services in the European Union by identifying data subjects in the European Union.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 70
The GDPR requires controllers to supply data subjects with detailed information about the processing of their dat a. Where a controller obtains data directly from data subjects, which of the following items of information does NOT legally have to be supplied?
- A. The categories of personal data concerned.
- B. The recipients or categories of recipients.
- C. The rights of access, erasure, restriction, and portability.
- D. The right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 71
Why is advisable to avoid consent as a legal basis for an employer to process employee data?
- A. Data protection laws do not apply to processing of employee data.
- B. Consent may not be valid if the employee feels compelled to provide it.
- C. An employer might have difficulty obtaining consent from every employee.
- D. Employee data can only be processed if there is an approval from the data protection officer.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 72
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the "one-stop-shop" mechanism of the GDPR?
- A. It allows supervisory authorities concerned (other than the lead supervisory authority) to act against organizations m exceptional cases even if they do not have any type of establishment in the Member State of the respective authority.
- B. It gives competence to the lead supervisory authority to address privacy issues derived from processes carried out by public authorities established in different countries.
- C. It applies only to direct enforcement of data protection supervisory authorities (e.g.. finding a breach), but not to initiating or engaging m court proceedings
- D. It can result in several lead supervisory authorities in the EU assuming competence over the same data processing activities of an organization.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The "one-stop-shop" mechanism of the GDPR is a system of co-operation and consistency procedures that aims to ensure that the data protection regulation is enforced uniformly across all member states and calls on the data protection authorities (DPAs) across member states to co-operate with each other and the Commission to ensure consistent application of the GDPR1. The "one-stop-shop" mechanism applies to organisations that conduct cross-border data processing, which means that they process personal data in the context of the activities of their establishments in more than one member state, or that they target or monitor data subjects in more than one member state1. Under the "one-stop-shop" mechanism, such organisations will have to deal primarily with the DPA of the member state where they have their main establishment or their single establishment in the EU, which will act as their lead supervisory authority for all matters related to their cross-border data processing1. The lead supervisory authority will co-ordinate with other concerned supervisory authorities, which are the DPAs of the member states where the data subjects are affected by the data processing1. The lead supervisory authority will have the competence to adopt binding decisions regarding measures to ensure compliance with the GDPR, such as imposing administrative fines or ordering the suspension of data flows1. However, the "one-stop-shop" mechanism does not prevent the concerned supervisory authorities from acting against organisations in exceptional cases, even if they do not have any type of establishment in the member state of the respective authority1. These exceptional cases include the following situations2:
When a complaint is lodged with a supervisory authority, the subject matter relates only to an establishment in its member state or substantially affects data subjects only in its member state; When a supervisory authority is addressing a possible infringement related to the offering of goods or services to data subjects in its member state or to the monitoring of their behaviour in its member state; When a supervisory authority adopts provisional measures intended to produce legal effects in its own member state; When an urgent need to act arises in order to protect the rights and freedoms of data subjects. In these cases, the concerned supervisory authority will inform the lead supervisory authority and the other concerned supervisory authorities, and will try to reach a consensus on the action to be taken2. If no consensus is reached, the consistency mechanism will apply, which involves the intervention of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) to issue a binding decision on the matter2. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Reference: Art. 60 GDPR - Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned, Guidelines 3/2018 on the territorial scope of the GDPR (Article 3)
NEW QUESTION # 73
Article 9 of the GDPR lists exceptions to the general prohibition against processing biometric dat a. Which of the following is NOT one of these exceptions?
- A. The processing is done by a non-profit organization and the results are disclosed outside the organization.
- B. The processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject when he or she is incapable of giving consent.
- C. The processing is explicitly consented to by the data subject and he or she is allowed by Union or Member State law to lift the prohibition.
- D. The processing is necessary for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims when courts are acting in a judicial capacity.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reference https://dataprivacymanager.net/sensitive-personal-data-special-category-under-the-gdpr/
NEW QUESTION # 74
What is a reason the European Court of Justice declared the Data Retention Directive invalid in 2014?
- A. The requirements specified that data must be held within the EU.
- B. The requirements affected individuals without exception.
- C. The requirements had limitations on how national authorities could use data.
- D. The requirements were financially burdensome to EU businesses.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference https://www.loc.gov/law/help/eu-data-retention-directive/eu.php#:~:text=In%20April%202014%2C
%20the%20Grand,proportionality%20in%20forging%20the%20Directive.
NEW QUESTION # 75
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
WonderkKids provides an online booking service for childcare. Wonderkids is based in France, but hosts its website through a company in Switzerland. As part of their service, WonderKids will pass all personal data provided to them to the childcare provider booked through their system. The type of personal data collected on the website includes the name of the person booking the childcare, address and contact details, as well as information about the children to be cared for including name, age, gender and health information. The privacy statement on Wonderkids' website states the following:
"WonderkKids provides the information you disclose to us through this website to your childcare provider for scheduling and health and safety reasons. We may also use your and your child's personal information for our own legitimate business purposes and we employ a third-party website hosting company located in Switzerland to store the dat a. Any data stored on equipment located in Switzerland meets the European Commission provisions for guaranteeing adequate safeguards for you and your child's personal information. We will only share you and your child's personal information with businesses that we see as adding real value to you. By providing us with any personal data, you consent to its transfer to affiliated businesses and to send you promotional offers."
"We may retain you and your child's personal information for no more than 28 days, at which point the data will be depersonalized, unless your personal information is being used for a legitimate business purpose beyond 28 days where it may be retained for up to 2 years."
"We are processing you and your child's personal information with your consent. If you choose not to provide certain information to us, you may not be able to use our services. You have the right to: request access to you and your child's personal information; rectify or erase you or your child's personal information; the right to correction or erasure of you and/or your child's personal information; object to any processing of you and your child's personal information. You also have the right to complain to the supervisory authority about our data processing activities." What additional information must Wonderkids provide in their Privacy Statement?
- A. Technical and organizational measures to protect data.
- B. Contact information of the hosting company.
- C. The categories of recipients with whom data will be shared.
- D. How often promotional emails will be sent.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 76
Articles 13 and 14 of the GDPR provide details on the obligation of data controllers to inform data subjects when collecting personal dat a. However, both articles specify an exemption for situations in which the data subject already has the information.
Which other situation would also exempt the data controller from this obligation under Article 14?
- A. When the personal data was obtained through multiple source in the public domain
- B. When providing the information would involve a disproportionate effort
- C. When the personal data was obtained 5 years before the entry into force of the GDPR
- D. When providing the information would go against a police order.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 77
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